The Fellowship: The Literary Lives of the Inklings: J.R.R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, Owen Barfield, Charles Williams, by Philip Zaleski, Carol Zaleski
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The Fellowship: The Literary Lives of the Inklings: J.R.R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, Owen Barfield, Charles Williams, by Philip Zaleski, Carol Zaleski

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Best Book of June 2015 (The Christian Science Monitor)
Book of the Year by the Conference on Christianity and Literature
C. S. Lewis is the 20th century's most widely read Christian writer and J.R.R. Tolkien its most beloved mythmaker. For three decades, they and their closest associates formed a literary club known as the Inklings, which met every week in Lewis's Oxford rooms and in nearby pubs. They discussed literature, religion, and ideas; read aloud from works in progress; took philosophical rambles in woods and fields; gave one another companionship and criticism; and, in the process, rewrote the cultural history of modern times.
In The Fellowship, Philip and Carol Zaleski offer the first complete rendering of the Inklings' lives and works. The result is an extraordinary account of the ideas, affections and vexations that drove the group's most significant members. C. S. Lewis accepts Jesus Christ while riding in the sidecar of his brother's motorcycle, maps the medieval and Renaissance mind, becomes a world-famous evangelist and moral satirist, and creates new forms of religiously attuned fiction while wrestling with personal crises. J.R.R. Tolkien transmutes an invented mythology into gripping story in The Lord of the Rings, while conducting groundbreaking Old English scholarship and elucidating, for family and friends, the Catholic teachings at the heart of his vision. Owen Barfield, a philosopher for whom language is the key to all mysteries, becomes Lewis's favorite sparring partner, and, for a time, Saul Bellow's chosen guru. And Charles Williams, poet, author of "supernatural shockers," and strange acolyte of romantic love, turns his everyday life into a mystical pageant.
Romantics who scorned rebellion, fantasists who prized reality, wartime writers who believed in hope, Christians with cosmic reach, the Inklings sought to revitalize literature and faith in the twentieth century's darkest years-and did so in dazzling style.
The Fellowship: The Literary Lives of the Inklings: J.R.R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, Owen Barfield, Charles Williams, by Philip Zaleski, Carol Zaleski - Amazon Sales Rank: #33616 in Books
- Brand: Zaleski, Philip/ Zaleski, Carol
- Published on: 2015-06-02
- Released on: 2015-06-02
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.23" h x 1.95" w x 6.25" l, 1.00 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 656 pages
The Fellowship: The Literary Lives of the Inklings: J.R.R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, Owen Barfield, Charles Williams, by Philip Zaleski, Carol Zaleski Review
Named Book of the Year by the Conference on Christianity and Literature
“The husband-and-wife team of Philip and Carol Zaleski bring to bear both extensive scholarship and a neatly interwoven narrative; this is a story about storytellers, and it shows . . . In The Fellowship, the authors never cease to feel for the Inklings, particularly sympathizing with their yearnings for spiritual and professional fulfillment, with occasional wry asides on the nature of their marriages and their politics to take note of shortcomings both personal and institutional. Taken together, it makes the overarching life of the group something greater than the sum of its parts.” ―Genevieve Valentine, The New York Times Book Review
“The Zaleskis have produced a major work of biography and criticism, and if you are a devotee of any of the Inklings, you will want to read it.” ―Michael Dirda, The Washington Post
“The Zaleskis deftly interweave the four stories [of Lewis, Tolkien, Barfield, and Williams], showing how, when read together, these very different men can help us more clearly see the state of literary and religious culture in mid-century England and beyond.” ―Anthony Domestico, Christian Science Monitor
“A fascinating overview of this 'intellectual orchestra' . . . a captivating story of young writers finding their literary footing while trying to rectify competing desires for happiness, love, fame, and faith.” ―Ethan Gilsdorf, The Boston Globe
“The Fellowship makes a convincing case that [the Inklings's] cultural legacy deserves comparison with that of the less Christian, more intellectually austere Bloomsbury group.” ―Lev Grossman, Time Magazine
“A gutsy, glorious adoration of the English fantasy and faerie traditions, which celebrates what sometimes seems like a fantastical time when religion didn't destroy art but created it.” ―Joshua Cohen, Harper's Magazine
“A highly readable group biography . . . The Zaleskis do an impressive job.” ―Elizabeth Hand, Los Angeles Times
“This is a long overdue study of an abidingly fascinating and creative group of writers. There has not been a serious treatment of the whole group and their interactions for more than thirty years, and this excellent book brings together a great deal of new discussion and discovery in a lively, readable, sympathetic but not uncritical survey that allows these remarkable figures to emerge in all their human complexity and diverse gifts. The authors deserve warm congratulations.” ―Rowan Williams, former Archbishop of Canterbury and author of The Lion's World: A Journey into the Heart of Narnia
“It's difficult to overstate the influence of the two most famous Inklings, Tolkien and C.S. Lewis, on varied fields including Christian apologetics and fantasy writing. The Zaleskis trace the history of this informal club of Oxford-educated, Christian intellectuals, which first coalesced in the early 1930s, by focusing on four of the most prominent Inklings: Tolkien, Lewis, mystic Charles Williams, and philosopher Owen Barfield. As scholarship, the book is immensely successful, describing its protagonists' strengths and shortcomings with insight and facility.” ―Publishers Weekly (starred review)
“Like expert commentators at a fencing match, Philip Zaleski and Carol Zaleski give a sparkling account of how J.R.R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis, those friendly duelists, and their eager teammates, Owen Barfield and Charles Williams, sharpened one another's wits and dazzled the world with words. The Inklings were that rare thing, an elite with an inclusive spirit, and the Zaleskis share the same ethos, brilliantly mastering the details of their brief but never forgetting to be readable. Thorough, lucid, balanced, and well judged, this is literary biography of the very best kind.” ―Michael Ward, University of Oxford, author of Planet Narnia: The Seven Heavens in the Imagination of C.S. Lewis
“[A] well-researched, consistently engaging group biography . . . richly detailed . . . A bountiful literary history.” ―Kirkus
“[A] prodigious work . . . [The Fellowship,] which is extensively researched, provides a fascinating look at British literary society during the first half of the 20th century. . . For all fans of Tolkien and Lewis, this excellent title will also appeal to readers interested in Christian scholarship and 20th-century British literature and history.” ―Erica Swenson Danowitz, Library Journal (starred review)
“The Fellowship . . . is a mental map, a religious journey, and the biography of a brotherhood. Plenty of distinguished Inklings came and went over the years . . . but the Zaleskis zoom in on (and out from) the primary axis of Tolkien, Lewis, Williams, and Barfield . . . . Christians all, these men formed what the Zaleskis call 'a perfect compass rose of faith': Barfield the proto-New Ager, Tolkien the rather prim orthodox Catholic, Lewis the noisy and dogmatically ordinary layman and popular theologian, Williams the ritualistic Anglican with a taste for sorcery . . . . Who can compare with these writers? . . . . The Inklings . . . are still gathering steam.” ―James Parker, The Atlantic
About the Author Philip Zaleski and Carol Zaleski are the coauthors of Prayer: A History and editors of The Book of Heaven. Philip Zaleski is the author of The Recollected Heart, coauthor of Gifts of the Spirit, and editor of the Best Spiritual Writing and Best American Spiritual Writing series, and Carol Zaleski is Professor of World Religions at Smith College and the author of Otherworld Journeys and The Life of the World to Come.

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Most helpful customer reviews
48 of 51 people found the following review helpful. How and why a small, informal discussion group is viewed today as "a major literary force, a movement of sorts" By Robert Morris Who were the "Inklings"? Briefly, the name refers to an informal discussion group that met weekly, founded by a student in University College at Oxford University, Edward Tangye Lean, in the early 1930s. Its purpose was to have compositions (i.e. works-in-progress) read and discussed. Membership consisted of students, teachers, and others with some manner of association with the University. C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien joined, as did Owen Barfield and Charles Williams. Later, the group met in Lewis' quarters in Magdalen College. In this volume, Philip Zaleski and Carol Zaleski focus primarily on Lewis, Tolkien, Barfield, and Williams.Moreover, "they also could be seen regularly on Tuesday mornings, gathered for food and conversation in a side nook of a smoky pub at 49 St. Giles', known to passersby as the Eagle and Child but to habitués as the Bird and Baby." They explain how and why, during several decades, these four and their associates discussed literature, religion, and ideas; read aloud from works-in-progress; took philosophical rambles throughout the woods and fields nearby; shared companionship and constructive criticism; and in process, rewrote the cultural history of their times.When Warren Lewis, C.S. Lewis's brother, realized that the Inklings had "already passed into literary legend," he felt obliged to explain the group's nature: "Properly speaking it was neither a club nor a literary society, though it partook of the nature of both. There were no rules, officers, agendas, or formal elections -- unless one counts it as a rule that we met in Jack [C.S. Lewis]'s rooms at Magdelan every Thursday evening after dinner...The ritual of an Inklings was unvarying. When half a dozen or so had arrived, tea would be produced, and then when pipes were well alight Jack would say, 'Well, has nobody got anything to read us?' Out would come a manuscript, and we would settle down to sit in judgment upon it -- real unbiased judgment, too, since we were no mutual admiration society; praise for good work was unstinted, but censure for bad work -- or even not-so-good work -- was often brutally frank."These are among the dozens of passages of greatest interest and value to me, also listed to suggest the scope of the Zaleskis' coverage in the first ten chapters:o "Friendship to the Nth Power" (Pages 26-28)o The Pudaita Bird (36-38)o The Banks of the Styx (43-49)o Introduction to J.R.R. Tolkien (57-72 and 123-143)o Introduction to C.S. Lewis (72-98 and 144-172)o Introduction to Owen Barfield (99-122)o The Evolution of Consciousness (105-107)o The "Great War" (110-114)o Opening a New World (124-129)o Benedictus Qui Venit in Nomine Domini (137-143)o Introduction to C.S. Lewis (72-98 and 144-172)o Realism...And Idealism (156-162)o Duties and Pleasures (167-172)o "The Fire Was Bright and the Talk Good" (176-185)o The Pilgrim's Regress (189-191)o The Hobbit (202-209)o The Extraordinary Ordinary (209-213)o Introduction to Charles Williams (221-230)o The Theology of Romance (232-233)I was especially interested in what the Zaleskis have to say about the artistic maturation of several Inklings, notably Lewis, Tolkien, Barfield, and Williams. Fantasy was in the Oxford community's blood "and it is no wonder that the major Inklings experimented in so many fantastic subgenres (myth, science fiction, fable, epic fantasy, children's fantasy, supernatural thriller, and more). They chose to be fantasists for a variety of reasons - or, rather, fantasy seemed to choose them, each one falling in love with the genre in youth...For all the leading Inklings, however, the rapture of the unknown pointed also to something more profound; it was a numinous event, an imitation of a different, higher, purer world or state of being."It should be added Lewis, Tolkien, Barfield, and Williams, especially, did not indulge fantasy independent of their ideas; rather, as David Cecil suggests, "it was fantasy [begin italics] about [end italics] their ideas. Philip Zaleski and Carol Zaleski concur: "The Inklings, then, constituted `Oxford's nearest recent approximation to a school'...a school of ideas expressed through adventurous but learned fantasy.' Whatever the Inklings may have been during their most clubbable years, today they constitute a major force, a movement of sorts. As symbol, inspiration, guide and rallying cry, the Inklings grow more influential each year."
19 of 19 people found the following review helpful. THE FELLOWSHIP is a tapestry both colorful and magical, as befits its heroes By Bookreporter The group’s name, the Inklings, had at least two meanings: they would write, both academically and fancifully, hence they worked with ink, as writers did in those days; and each had an inkling of higher realities, mythic truths, and the love that conquers fear --- fear that some of them had experienced up close, in the gore and horror of a world war.In this dense, fact-filled examination, editor Philip Zaleski and Professor Carol Zaleski have joined forces (as they did with PRAYER: A History) to bring the interwoven stories of four remarkable men to a new generation. The result is a tapestry both colorful and magical, as befits its heroes. Four men --- Charles Williams, Owen Barfield, C. S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien --- met at Oxford and formed a club, gathering weekly from the early 1930s to 1949, most often at a local pub where they read their works to one another and diligently discussed life’s meaning, with no rules of order or membership rolls. Though there were other Inklings, these four were by far the most prominent. All were Christian, each in his own way, and all were brilliant intellectuals whose thought processes took them far outside the realm of the usual literature of the times. It was fantasy that united them, that “inkling” that everything from warfare to sexual attraction to the divine could be cloaked in symbols and given deeper meaning.Williams was a novelist and poet, a chastely devout man with a somewhat tormented passion for pageantry and the occult, “a swirling mass of contradictions” whose writing caught the eye of C. S. Lewis and earned him a place with the Inklings. Barfield, battling a stutter that he attributed in part to his fear, as a teenager, of World War I, delved into the cult of Austrian philosopher/mystic Rudolf Steiner. But, as the authors put it, “There is only one Barfield from beginning to end: a man devoted to a single idea, the evolution of consciousness…”Lewis, fantasy writer and Oxford don, famously abandoned Christianity in his teenage years, and his experiences of war cemented his atheism. But later, largely influenced by fellow Inklings, especially Williams, he became a convinced spokesperson for religion. Themes and characters in Lewis’ sci-fi Space Trilogy pay homage to Williams’ THE PLACE OF THE LION. Like Lewis, J.R.R. Tolkien, by far the best known among the Inklings today, had an early fascination for fantasy, mythology and the mysteries of language. “Language for Tolkien was…the soil from which his literary garden grew.” In inventing his own languages (early ones included Nevbosh and Naffarin), he learned that “the making of a language necessitates the making of a mythology in which that language was spoken.” From those youthful efforts were born the Elves, the Hobbits, and ultimately, The Lord of the Rings.With lives that spanned the late 19th and almost the whole of the 20th centuries, the four Inklings attracted acclaim but “never achieved the formal brilliance of the greatest of their contemporaries, such as Joyce, Woolf, Nabakov, Borges or Eliot.” This, in part, can be traced to the fervent Christian principles that separated them from the trendsetters of the era, and partly because, as the Zaleskis sagely propose, they were, “one and all, guilty of the heresy of the Happy Ending.”Reviewed by Barbara Bamberger Scott
23 of 24 people found the following review helpful. Meetings Of Great Minds By John D. Cofield During the 1930s and 1940s a small group of intellectuals at Oxford University held twice weekly gatherings to unwind, chat, discuss the news of the day, and most importantly to hear, read, and criticize each other's writings. Never formally organized, without bylaws and officers, the men (no women were allowed to attend) sparked debate and discussions among themselves that were to have long lasting and ongoing consequences for our world and culture. They were the Inklings, and their stories have often been told separately or in some combinations. The Fellowship is a lengthy, copiously referenced, and enjoyable group biography of four of the most important Inklings: J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Owen Barfield, and Charles Williams. Other Inklings like Major Warner Lewis, Hugo Dyson, Nevil Coghill, Lord David Cecil, and others are covered as well.The Zaleskis emphasize that most of the Inklings were of an age to have been directly affected by World War I, and that much of what was to come from them was influenced by that conflict. Another major influence was Christianity. The four Inklings most thoroughly covered here were deeply religious men: Tolkien the Roman Catholic, Williams the Anglican mystic, Barfield the Anthroposophist, and Lewis, who went from early belief to atheism and then returned to Christian faith. The Inklings were also united in their devotion to Northern mythologies and so-called "high style," in counterpoint to post-war modernism and the influence of Bloomsbury. Thus their Thursday evening meetings in C.S. Lewis' rooms at Magdalen and the Tuesday morning continuations at The Eagle and Child pub both enhanced and strengthened their desire to revive and give new life to ideas that were in danger of being lost. In large part that desire has been successful, though the Zaleskis admit at the end that the Inklings' "permanent place in Christian renewal and, more broadly, in intellectual and artistic history, is for the future to decide."I enjoyed The Fellowship. Having been a fervent reader of J.R.R. Tolkien for over forty years I was already familiar with his biography, though I found much here that was new to me. I have also enjoyed C.S. Lewis' works, and I appreciated reading the Zaleskis' sometimes critical analyses of his thinking. I am less familiar with Charles Williams and Owen Barfield's writings, but the Zaleskis have inspired me to seek out more about them. Perhaps the most important result of the Zaleskis' work is a fresh appreciation for those Inklings meetings that helped give us so much that is beautiful.
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The Fellowship: The Literary Lives of the Inklings: J.R.R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, Owen Barfield, Charles Williams, by Philip Zaleski, Carol Zaleski
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The Fellowship: The Literary Lives of the Inklings: J.R.R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, Owen Barfield, Charles Williams, by Philip Zaleski, Carol Zaleski